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Application of extrusion technology

As an economical and practical new processing method, extruding technology has been widely used in food production and developed rapidly. The extrusion technology is used to process grain food. After the initial easy mixing, the extrusion machine can complete the mixing, curing, crushing, sterilization, molding and other processes in one time to produce expanded products. After frying (or not), drying, seasoning can be sold. The shape of the product can be easily improved by simply changing the mould. Compared with the traditional production technology, extrusion technology has greatly improved the processing technology of cereals, shorten the process, enrich the breed of design and color of grains, reduce the production cost, reduced the area, greatly reduces the labor intensity, but also to improve the taste, the qualification status of the product and improve the quality of the product. The emergence of bulking technology can be said to open up a new way for the application of grains, starch and other raw materials, which we call coarse grains, in the food industry. In 1936, the first single-screw extruder used in grain processing was introduced, and it was successful in the production of convenient food for grain. In the 1950s and 1960s, due to the time-saving and labor-saving, the application of HTST (high temperature and high pressure short-time sterilization) extrusion machine for food processing, sterilization, passivation enzyme activity, less damage to nutrients, extrusion technology has been developed rapidly. In the 1970s, many countries began to explore the mechanism of extrusion, and further studied a series of changes in the extrusion process of various grains and protein foods, as well as the nutrition and absorption of extrusion foods. The application of extrusion machine in the field of food was further expanded. A wide variety of convenience foods, snack foods, weaning foods, children's nutrition rice noodles, bionic products, candy products, chocolate products and other extrusion products have been published. At present, the production capacity of large extruders produced in the United States can reach several tons to dozens of tons per hour, and the extrusion products are spread all over the country and all kinds of food industry and feed industry, and there are hundreds of patents related to extrusion technology and equipment. For a long time, Japan has done a lot of research on extrusion technology and theory, especially on the properties of cereal extruded starch. In 1979, there were more than 300 kinds of extruded foods produced, and the extrusion technology was applied to the fast food and feed production industry in a large scale. Many western countries, such as Britain, France, Germany, Italy and Switzerland, have also done a lot of research on extrusion technology. Due to the rapid development of the food industry, extrusion machines have been constantly improved and replaced, and the extrusion theory has been constantly improved, with more and more types of extrusion food. In recent years, foreign extruded food has become a single category of convenience food, including staple food, breakfast food, children's food, various snacks and other convenience food. The United States, Japan, the former Soviet union and other countries after the defatted soybean extruded with seasoning, into artificial meat (meat floss, dried meat, ham) and substitute milk drinks, instant drinks. Some countries in the United States and Western Europe in the extruded grains add an appropriate amount of expanded soybean powder and spices, made into infusion, oil tea, noodle tea, almond tea, etc., can be timely drinking, both convenient and nutritious. As a staple food, there are also fast food porridge made with squeezed grains and Fried bread. Snack and pre-cooked food. Extruding dehydrated fruit products, can be used for jam, fruit filling cakes, pies and breads. After extruded and puffed, potatoes can be Fried into crispy and delicious food. Japan has published a lot of patents for manufacturing extruded products, such as potato, wheat, oats and other main raw materials to produce a variety of staple food fast food, there are extrusion cheese products, extrusion starch method and extrusion food with bean curd residue. Countries such as Sweden and the United States use cheap wheat bran as raw material to produce crunchy food with high fiber, which can help the human body digest. After adding proper amount of pollen, carotene, dried seaweed powder, riboflavin and other extruded and expanded grains, the extruded foods contain a lot of nutrients and vitamins and can be used as fortified foods. The application of extrusion technology to feed production is also very extensive, extrusion feed can improve the rate of nutrient absorption, beneficial to animal digestion and absorption, eliminate flatulence, and natural feed can not be replaced by the flavor of burnt incense, it is an excellent feed. Extrusion technology can also be applied in the fermentation industry, in the brewing industry, wine industry, many domestic and foreign manufacturers to apply in production, not only can shorten the fermentation period, but also improve the yield and quality. Such as the use of expanded bean samples after production of soy sauce, soybean increased after extrusion processing size, loose structure, soy protein into elastic good spongy tissue, and permeability is good, starter-making can adjust water content, when the wire is advantageous to the mold to the raw material internal growth, so as to improve the utilization rate of raw materials for protein and soy sauce production rate, which not only improve the yield and save the food. Extrusion processing technology in China started late, from the mid 1970s love is, especially in recent years, China's extrusion method of food production has been a great development, extrusion processing equipment is becoming mature. With the continuous improvement of people's living standard and the development of society, people's ideology, lifestyle and consumption structure have been greatly changed. The traditional three meals a day have been gradually replaced by convenience food and leisure food. Working more, in addition, China's large population, city elementary and middle school students, the floating population is much, tourist attractions, these are for the development of convenience food, puffed food provides necessary conditions, in particular, so the production and development of various grade of crispy delicious snack food and nutrition is rich, there is a wide selection of expanded functional health food, to suitable for different objects of the family meal, leisure food, nutrition, catering, etc., formally the vast consumers need, is the food manufacturers should be the pursuit of the goal. With the development of new equipment and new technology, extrusion technology will play an increasingly important role in China's food industry.

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